How Ribosomes Translate Cancer

How Does Systran Translate ?

Heterogeneous Ribosomes Preferentially Translate Distinct Subpools of mRNAs Genome-wide.

Emerging studies have linked the ribosome to more selective control of gene regulation. However, an outstanding question is whether ribosome heterogeneity at the level of core ribosomal proteins (RPs) exists and enables ribosomes to preferentially translate specific mRNAs genome-wide. Here, we measured the absolute abundance of RPs in translating ribosomes and profiled transcripts that are enri...

Mammalian sperm translate nuclear-encoded proteins by mitochondrial-type ribosomes.

It is widely accepted that spermatozoa are translationally silent. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, incorporation of labeled amino acids into polypeptides during sperm capacitation, which was completely inhibited by mitochondrial translation inhibitors but not by the cytoplasmic translation inhibitor. Unlike 80S cytoplasmic ribosomes, 55S mitochondrial ribosomes were present ...

How ribosomes make peptide bonds.

Ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins in the cell. Recent biochemical analyses and high-resolution crystal structures of the bacterial ribosome have shown that the active site for the formation of peptide bonds--the peptidyl-transferase center--is composed solely of rRNA. Thus, the ribosome is the largest known RNA catalyst and the only natural ribozyme that has a synthetic ...

How to identify, translate and combine logics?

We give general definitions of logical frameworks and logics. Examples include the logical frameworks LF and Isabelle and the logics represented in them. We apply this to give general definitions for equivalence of logics, translation between logics, and combination of logics. We also establish general criteria for the soundness and completeness of these. Our key messages are that the syntax an...